-
Large body of work in '50s, theory by Keffer,
Kittel and others
- Fields in effective Hamiltonian (uniaxial anisotropy):
Exchange (He),
anisotropy (Ha),
external (H0),
excitation (Hrf)
- Zero external field:
- Finite external field lifts degeneracy.
Parallel to easy axis:
two branches (circular polarization)
Perp to easy axis:
one mode is independent of the external field (linear polariztion)
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